Fiber optic cable responsible for carrying the internet
throughout the world. It is a cable which transfers the fastest thing in the
world, light. There is the communication of light from one place to another.
The cable is very thin that as compared to it our one hair strand is 10-20
times thicker. And in that, there are many cables in a single cable. These cables
are so capable that it can handle more than 25 thousand telephone communications
at a time in a single cable. Many such cables are capable of
communicating millions of data throughout the world. Bigger cables are laying in the sea and oceans to transfer the internet from one country to another.
There is no alternative for it so it will be used more frequently in the next few
years.
These cables are generally made up of high-quality plastics or glass. Light supplied from one end comes out from another. But does not work as a normal transfer takes place. Light traveling through it works on the principle of Total internal reflection. In a cable, light is projected with a certain angle and that light gets reflected from internally in a zig-zag pattern. This method makes light to go farthest in the cable. When an entering light gets on/off, the output in the other end gets the same signal in the form of binary digits of 0 and 1 indicating on and off respectively. In this way, there is a transfer of data from one place to another. The main cable is called core and there is an outer covering of a material known as cladding. The refractive index of the outer material is slightly less than the core so that the light cannot pass out the cable.
In this case, all cables are not the same. There are different types.
1. Single Mode cable – In this type, a cable connection has the same mode on both sides. These types of cables are very thin and able to transfer for long distances.
2. Multi-Mode Cables – These cables are thick and many signals propagate in different modes through it. But they are not able to transfer for long distances. So there is a need to set amplifiers so that the signal gets boosted and reaches another cable for transfer.
Disadvantages
1. It is very costly.
2. Its installation is very costly and technical. Required good technical knowledge to install.
3. It is very delicate. It requires high protection as it can break very easily.
Advantages
1. Its data speed is very fast. It cannot be compared to any other cable.
2. There is no external interference. As it is light and traveling through the cable so any external parameters cannot affect it.
3. Attenuation is low. As it is light so it can be traveled for long distances without any disturbance.
4. It cannot be hacked. As it transfers through the cable so it is not possible to hack as compared to the wireless.
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